New breakthrough pill could cure tinnitus

New breakthrough pill could cure tinnitus 

By Martine Berg-Olsen - The Metro

A cure for tinnitus could come in the form of a pill following a breakthrough by scientist. The debilitating condition was stopped in mice by blocking a protein that fuels brain inflammation. The US team of scientist are hopeful it will lead to a gene therapy to combat ringing in the ears and other hearing loss disorders. About one in 10 people in the UK suffers from tinnitus which can cause stress, sleep difficulties, anxiety and hearing loss. The condition is often linked with Meniere’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and depression. However, it is not known how it develops, and there is no cure. The study, published in the journal PLOS Biology, suggests it is caused by a molecule called TNF-A (tumour necrosis factor alpha) that disrupts communication between neurons. Blocking it pharmacologically also prevented tinnitus in lab rodents that developed the condition after being exposed to loud noise for two hours.

The findings suggest neuro inflammation may be a therapeutic target for treating tinnitus and other hearing problems, said the researchers. Study co-author Professor Shaowen Bao said: ‘Genetic knock out of TNF-A or pharmacologically blocking its expression prevented neuro-inflammation and ameliorated the behaviour associated with tinnitus in mice with noise induced hearing loss.’ Analysis showed inflammation in a sound-processing region of the brain controls ringing in the ears in the affected mice that have noise-induced hearing loss. Prof Bao, a neuroscientist at the University of Arizona in the US, said: ‘Hearing loss is a widespread condition that affects approximately 500 million individuals, and is a major risk factor for tinnitus – the perception of noise or ringing in the ears.’

Recent research suggests hearing loss causes inflammation – the immune system’s response to injury and infection – in the auditory pathway. But its contribution to hearing loss-related conditions such as tinnitus is still poorly understood. If you're suffering from tinnitus Action on Hearing Loss has a dedicated Tinnitus Information Line which provides vital support to those affected and their families and would encourage anyone affected not to suffer in silence. The line is available on 0808 808 6666 to phone, but you can also text 0808 808 9000 and email tinnitushelpline@hearingloss.org.uk

Dr Bao and his colleagues examined neuro-inflammation – inflammation that affects the nervous system – in the auditory cortex of the brain following noise-induced hearing loss, and its role in tinnitus, in the rodent models. He said: ‘The results indicate noise-induced hearing loss is associated with elevated levels of molecules called proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of non-neuronal cells called microglia – two defining features of neuroinflammatory responses – in the primary auditory cortex.’ Dr Bao added: ‘These results implicate neuro-inflammation as a therapeutic target for treating tinnitus and other hearing loss related disorders.’ But he pointed out that although the therapy was successful in the animals, its potential adverse affects need to be thoroughly investigated before any human trials. The most common cause of tinnitus is damage and loss of the tiny sensory hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. This tends to happen as people age, and it can also result from prolonged exposure to excessively loud noise. Hearing loss may coincide with tinnitus. Most people with chronic tinnitus adjust to the ringing over time, but one in five will find it disturbing or debilitating.